E and campus and college exam papers and kcse revision materials. Learn chemistry crude oil with free interactive flashcards. Endorsed by cambridge international examinations, the second edition of the asa level chemistry coursebook comprehensively covers all the knowledge and skills. These books are not hosted on our servers and these books are material of their respective publishersorganizations. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. However, none of these products would exist without the. Download and read form 3 chemistry notes form 3 chemistry notes form three chemistry notes pdf. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds it is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. At an oil refinery, after the fractional distillation of crude oil, a number of other processes may be used including cracking, isomerisation, and reforming. Petroleum or crude oil is any naturallyoccurring flammable mixture of hydrocarbons found in geologic formations, such as rock strata. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Aqa gcse chemistry worksheet for the organic chemistry topic.
Crude oil is predominantly a mixture of straight and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Young eventually succeeded, by distilling cannel coal at a low. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons we represent hydrocarbons in the following ways. Within the large number of constituents of crude oil is a subclass of the oxygencontaining species known as naphthenic acids and the term naphthenic acids is commonly used to describe an isomeric mixture of carboxylic acids predominantly monocarboxylic acids containing one or more saturated alicyclic rings.
Pdf introduction to oil chemistry and properties researchgate. Crude oil is composed of about 17000 substances and pahs happen. This book is intended for engineers and related professionals in the oil and gas production industries. G highpressure steam is used to heat the crude oil to a high temperature. Dec 05, 2017 aqa gcse chemistry worksheet for the organic chemistry topic.
Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. At a much more formal level there is atomic manybody theory by. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry form three pdf online. Fractional distillation begins when the crude oil, which is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, is put into a highpressure steam boiler. Petroleum refining crude oil production of materials. Heavy crude oil processing an overview find, read and.
Production of refinery gas, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions. Crude oil characterization research study update presentation to crude oil quality association presented by david l. Crude oil characterization crude oil quality association. Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 4 crude oil is a mixture of many compounds. Engineering principles for oil, gas, chemical, and related facilities fourth edition, 2019. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce usable. Gcse chemistry products from oil answers and mark schemes questionsheet 1 a any three from. May 17, 2018 a revision sheet with a number of commonly forgotten lists and equations with easy to remember mnemonics to aid students revision. Sheet 1 is a notes sheet which needs to be annotated during the lesson or using a textbook. Unfortunately, the properties routinely measured by oil producers and refiners are not the ones that on. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight hydrocarbon average range paraffins 30% 15 to 60% naphthenes 49% 30 to 60% aromatics 15% 3 to 30% asphaltics 6% remainder. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the crude oil chemistry, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country.
Chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas petrochemicals are an essential part of the chemical industry today. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the. A more detailed introduction to atomic physics can be found in the textbook by bransden and joachain bj83. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. Historically, we know the tales of eternal fires where oil and gas seeps ignited and burned. In addition to this you will need to know about functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters and how to draw their structures.
Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. Generally, the less carbon contained in the molecular formula of a petroleum component, the lower the boiling point and melting point, as the chart below shows. E most of the fractions in the crude oil evaporate. Free download cambridge international as and a level. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods 573 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Unesco eolss sample chapters coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat vol.
The chemistry of refining crude oil physical setting, technology education. It is found in large quantities below the surface of the earth and is used as a fuel and a raw material feedstock in the. Kimiya learning place download free o level chemistry notes. Crude oil can be split up into fractions by fractional distillation. Oil and gas production handbook an introduction to oil. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. It is found in large quantities below the surface of the earth and is used as a fuel and a raw material feedstock in. Crude oil, which is essentially raw oil, can be refined into multiple products, including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring oily, bituminous liquid composed of various organic chemicals.
You should use the words evaporated and condensed in your answer. It is intended for use by personnel with limited backgrounds in chemistry, metallurgy, and corrosion and will give them a general understanding of how and why corrosion occurs and the practical approaches to how the effects of corrosion can be mitigated. Petroleum chemistry american association of petroleum. Table 1 shows that the oil from the omidie field is more stable than the latter as a result of combining four interfacial active agents in the crude oil. This process often removes significant portions of the oil in a few days after a spill, typically in the range of 4075% of a medium to light crude oil see, for example, fingas, 1995. The pressure on the oil may build up so much that when a hole is drilled through the rock cap, oil gushes out. Oil has been used for lighting purposes for many thousands of years. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. Organization of the petroleum exporting countries opec andor its member countries.
When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and the. Chemist james young noticed a natural petroleum seepage in the riddings colliery at alfreton, derbyshire from which he distilled a light thin oil suitable for use as lamp oil, at the same time obtaining a more viscous oil suitable for lubricating machinery. In order to convert it into useful products it must pass through a. Choose from 500 different sets of crude oil chemistry flashcards on quizlet. Typically, crude oil is a mixture of over 150 different hydrocarbons, most of which are unbranched.
Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. The rockefellers, the rothschilds, the gettys, the. A manual inspection using a swing ladder 3 onto the. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. The chemistry and technology of petroleum, james g. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. A crude oil porphyrin can be made from chlorophyll and presumably hemoglobin in even less than 12 hours. Their physical characteristics are shown in table 1. Its topics are presented in a pedagogical manner so that those new to the subject can better understand the content.
Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. The chemistry of oil explained by flood geology the. F the condensed liquid flows out of the fractionator through a pipe from the tray. Introduction properties of crude oils and oil products vii during any oil spill incident, the properties of the spilled oil must be known immediately. Books extra resources unit 2 resources 2009 2017 specification.
It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Crude oil and hydrocarbons worksheets teaching resources. Fundamentals of petroleum and petrochemical engineering. Havard devold oil and gas production handbook an introduction. Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. This process separates the different components of crude oil so that they can be further refined. Refining adds value by converting crude oil which in itself has little enduse value into a range of refined products, including transportation fuels. It has been a few years since the publication of the first edition of spectro scientifics inservice oil analysis handbook. Our original goal was to compile a comprehensive reference book of common inservice oil analysis techniques to help readers understand and choose the right technique and. Jul 03, 2012 gcse chemistry worksheet fractional distillation with best price and finish evaluation from a variety item for all item. Aug 12, 2003 crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Characterization of crude oils at the molecular level by. The relative percentage of each varies from oil to oil, determining the properties of each oil. In fact, oil supplies over 90% of the energy for world transportation.
In 1848, young set up a small business refining the crude oil. Basic theory, applications, and recent trends in analytical techniques used in crude oil and related products analysis this book covers the application of different spectroscopic methods to characterize crude oil and related products. I need the income from sales of my books both to live and to subsidise the running costs of this site. A dip pipe 4 is provided to measure the level of crude stored, through a dip hatch 5. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Learn crude oil chemistry with free interactive flashcards. Once it enters the modern refinery, crude oil goes through a process called fractional distillation. However, it is used as an important source for fuels and as a feedstock for making chemicals including polymers very large chain molecules made by joining many smaller molecules together, end to end for a wide range of consumer products. Analytical characterization methods for crude oil and related. Summary crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining in widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and. Crude oil chemistry 1st edition vasily simanzhenkov. In areas where oil is found in shallow reservoirs, seeps of crude oil or gas may naturally develop, and some oil could simply be collected from seepage or tar ponds. Large amounts of oil and gas may collect in a porous rock. Fractional distillation of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties.
Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Metallurgy and corrosion control in oil and gas production. Ii chemistry and physics of natural bitumen and heavy oil james g. H the crude oil vapour enters the fractionator and rises up the column. An example is the ixtoc 1 blowout in the gulf of mexico in 19791980, when it was estimated that about 50% of the oil evaporated to the atmosphere and never. Enhanced levels of radioactivity in deposits from north sea oil production facilities. Crude oil is a highly complex mixture and typically contains thousands of components.
Petroleum crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons consisting mainly of alkanes and cycloalkanes with smaller quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons including alkenes. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. Choose from 500 different sets of chemistry crude oil flashcards on quizlet. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and. Nolan, in handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles for oil, gas, chemical, and related facilities fourth edition, 2019. That is because you will find what you need to know at this level in my chemistry calculations book see link below. These substances are mainly compounds of only two elements.
In the oil refining processes, chemical catalysts speed. Endorsed by cambridge international examinations, the second edition of the as a level chemistry coursebook comprehensively covers all the knowledge and skills. Pdf on dec 18, 2019, ramasamy marappa gounder and others published introductory chapter. Crude oil barium sulfate iron sulfide calcium bromide luminol lye glue cyanoacrylate hydrogen peroxide al2o3 c6h6 c5h8 c7h4o nh3 feso4 b2o3 lih c9h20 baso4 fes cabr2 c8h7n3o2 naoh c5h5no2 h2o2 craftable compounds here are the compounds you can create using the compound creator in minecraft. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. In this study, laser desorption ionization ldi coupled to fouriertransform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry fticr ms was applied to study crude oils at the molecular level. Cooper 2003 arrive at longrun demand elasticities for crude oil of 0. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. This worksheet and answer sheet is aimed at gcse chemistry students and covers crude oil. Thus, oil is an essential part of our world as it drives transportation, giving us access to a variety of goods and services to which we are accustomed.
Home specifications contact videos books extra resources. Supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios. Fuhrhop and smith found that 80% of the porphyrins in a sealed glass tube were broken down when heated to 165 degrees c for four hours in the presence of vanadium tetrachloride. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by having. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. Crude oil chemistry vasily simanzhenkov, raphael idem.
Chemistry and physics of natural bitumen and heavy oil. Petroleum comes from many different substances, such as oil and natural gas, from which various products are derived, such as. Crude oil is a fossil fuel formed from decaying plants and animals that have decomposed over millions of years. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum. Chemistry physics books about introduction to crude oil. Crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Sheet 2 has a series of short tasks to assess understanding and test application of the key ideas. Summary crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Everything from the reactivity series to crude oil fractions and acid reactions.
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